These amplifiers

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These amplifiers are lower in cost (or cheaper, or less expensive).

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This machine can do the job at less cost.

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These amplifiers are lower in cost (or cheaper, or less expensive).

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This machine can do the job at less cost.

condensing.

condenser, capacitor.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 condensing

► nombre masculino condensador

1 ELECTRICIDAD condenser

► nombre masculino

1 ELECTRICIDAD condenser

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SM condenser

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masculino condenser

* * *

= capacitor, condenser.

Ex. The first transistors were individual devices with wires joining them to other electronic components such as resistors, capacitors and other transistors.

Ex. Condensers may be used in amplifiers, and amplifiers may be used in recording apparatus, but we are given no guidance as to which of these is the primary facet.

* * *

masculino condenser

* * *

* * *

condenser

* * *

* * *

♦ adj

condensing

♦ nm

condenser

* * *

m condenser

. воспользоваться; максимально использовать; можно использовать; наиболее эффективно использовать; пользоваться; применять; широко использовать

•

We will show how these numbers can be put to use.

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Advantage is taken of this fact in some turbojet engines.

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Unique processes and equipment have been successfully applied in the mining and refining of potash salts.

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The great majority of amplifiers are electronic and depend (or rely) upon transistors and chips for their operation.

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These projects can draw on the data from five tests.

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The new relay employs three sets of contacts.

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We shall follow this method.

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To harness atomic energy for peaceful uses,...

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This reaction may be harnessed to perform work.

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The power unit makes use of a standard electric starter.

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These vehicles rely on ambient air as a source of oxygen.

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This nonreciprocity has as yet not been turned to useful account in antennas.

•

At present, these laboratories are being utilized to test timbers.

•

Such high precision makes it possible to employ (or use, or utilize) laser radiation as a primary standard of length and time.

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With electricity farmers could run useful devices of all kinds.

•

This offers the possibility of putting hydrides to work in heat pumps.

•

These techniques take advantage of the laser's high spectral intensity.

•

Lasers are exploited to heat plasmas with short pulses of light.

•

Double-break or multibreak devices can exploit this effect even at higher voltages.

•

We make use of the generalized invariants.

•

The author's suggestions were picked up by the Japanese who ran some preliminary tests on eleven pure elements.

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The steam from a dry field can be put to use() other than power production.

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We can draw on the equation of general relativity to calculate...

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The newest accelerators exploit the same fundamental principles as the first ones.

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Simplifying assumptions have been invoked to separate the two processes for individual study.

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If this natural gas can be tapped, there would be a tremendous source of fuel.

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This prevents defective parts from being put into service.

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When all the even (or odd) integers are used up, there will still be half the series...

* * *

 Under these circumstances, we can employ the data from this experiment to establish limits for heat fluxes.

 These diffusers exploit the centrifugal forces acting on a swirling throughflow to enhance mixing and combustion.

 Each engine will be provided with a control unit which makes use of modern electronic techniques (... в котором используется...).

 Two independent methods were applied to eliminate any possible error in fringe order determination.

 The work of L. [...] was drawn on for the design of turbine blades.

 However, the theoretical magnitude is far from correct and we must rely on experimental values for the coefficient C.

— безразлично, что использовать

— вместо... можно использовать

— выгодно использовать

— возможность выгодно использовать

— голословно использовать в качестве доказательства

— давать право использовать

— достаточно использовать

— если мы хотим использовать его с уверенностью

— желательно использовать

— заманчиво использовать

— запрещается использовать

— использовать... для многих целей

— использовать в качестве

— использовать в качестве основы

— использовать в практике проектирования

— использовать вместо

— использовать возможность

— использовать все его возможности

— использовать для разных целей

— использовать информацию строго конфиденциально

— использовать одинаковую систему обозначений

— использовать по назначению

— использовать повторно

— использовать по-разному

— использовать принцип

— использовать с выгодой

— использовать совместно с

— которые можно было сразу же использовать в

— который следует использовать при

— максимально использовать

— не использовать для

— не позволяют использовать

— не рекомендуется использовать

— не следует использовать для

— нельзя использовать где-либо ещё

— обычно используют

— очень хорошо использовать для этого

— первым использовал

— позволяет использовать

— позволяет использовать способность

— полезно учесть влияние..., используя

— полностью использовать возможности

— полностью использовать преимущества

— поэтому для того, чтобы..., требовалось использовать

— приходится использовать

— разрешается использовать только

— результаты можно без изменения использовать в случае

— следует использовать в максимальной степени

— чтобы можно было использовать..., необходимо знать

. воспользоваться; максимально использовать; можно использовать; наиболее эффективно использовать; пользоваться; применять; широко использовать

•

We will show how these numbers can be put to use.

•

Advantage is taken of this fact in some turbojet engines.

•

Unique processes and equipment have been successfully applied in the mining and refining of potash salts.

•

The great majority of amplifiers are electronic and depend (or rely) upon transistors and chips for their operation.

•

These projects can draw on the data from five tests.

•

The new relay employs three sets of contacts.

•

We shall follow this method.

•

To harness atomic energy for peaceful uses,...

•

This reaction may be harnessed to perform work.

•

The power unit makes use of a standard electric starter.

•

These vehicles rely on ambient air as a source of oxygen.

•

This nonreciprocity has as yet not been turned to useful account in antennas.

•

At present, these laboratories are being utilized to test timbers.

•

Such high precision makes it possible to employ (or use, or utilize) laser radiation as a primary standard of length and time.

•

With electricity farmers could run useful devices of all kinds.

•

This offers the possibility of putting hydrides to work in heat pumps.

•

These techniques take advantage of the laser's high spectral intensity.

•

Lasers are exploited to heat plasmas with short pulses of light.

•

Double-break or multibreak devices can exploit this effect even at higher voltages.

•

We make use of the generalized invariants.

•

The author's suggestions were picked up by the Japanese who ran some preliminary tests on eleven pure elements.

•

The steam from a dry field can be put to use() other than power production.

•

We can draw on the equation of general relativity to calculate...

•

The newest accelerators exploit the same fundamental principles as the first ones.

•

Simplifying assumptions have been invoked to separate the two processes for individual study.

•

If this natural gas can be tapped, there would be a tremendous source of fuel.

•

This prevents defective parts from being put into service.

•

When all the even (or odd) integers are used up, there will still be half the series...

amplifying.

amplifier ( electricity and electronics).

* * *

► adjetivo

1 amplifying

► nombre masculino amplificador

1 amplifier

► nombre masculino

1 amplifier

* * *

SM amplifier

* * *

masculino amplifier

* * *

= amplifier.

Ex. This article describes the design which can accommodate up to 5 tape decks, 2 record decks and 7 amplifiers.

----

* amplificador acústico = audio amplifier.

* amplificador de sonido = audio amplifier, audio amplifier.

* * *

masculino amplifier

* * *

* * *

‹aparato/circuito› amplifying ( before n)

amplifier

signal amplifier o booster

preamplifier

* * *

* * *

♦ adj

amplifying

♦ nm

amplifier

* * *

m amplifier

* * *

amplificador nm

: amplifier

SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology, Recording

[br]

[br]

[br]

Nyquist (original family name Nykvist) emigrated from Sweden to the USA when he was 18 years old and settled in Minnesota. After teaching for a time, he studied electrical engineering at the University of North Dakota, gaining his first and Master's degrees in 1915 and 1916, and his PhD from Yale in 1917. He then joined the American Telegraph \& Telephone Company, moving to its Bell Laboratories in 1934 and remaining there until his retirement in 1954. A prolific inventor, he made many contributions to communication engineering, including the invention of vestigial-side band transmission. In the late 1920s he analysed the behaviour of analogue and digital signals in communication circuits, and in 1928 he showed that the thermal noise per unit bandwidth is given by 4 kT, where k is Boltzmann's constant and T the absolute temperature. However, he is best known for the Nyquist Criterion, which defines the conditions necessary for the stable, oscillation-free operation of amplifiers with a closed feedback loop. The problem of how to realize these conditions was investigated by his colleague Hendrik Bode.

[br]

See also: Shannon, Claude Elwood

. выносить; лучше выдерживать

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This material will stand the operating conditions.

•

The metal forming the hydride should hold up under many cycles of charging and discharging.

•

Pure quicklime sustains a temperature of about 2900 К without decomposition.

•

These objects must stand up to tremendous impact forces.

•

These materials can tolerate (or endure, or stand up to) high heat and rough handling.

•

Joints made with these electrodes will withstand bending and stretching operations satisfactorily.

•

The material withstands temperatures up to 1260°C without loss of properties.

•

Weights up to 500 Ib can be supported on the worktable.

•

In an automotive environment, semiconductor chips have to contend with temperatures from -40° to 125°C, high humidity, salt and oil sprays, and vibration.

•

Titanium carbide will tolerate (or withstand) wide variations in cutting speed.

•

The amplifiers survived the shock very well.

•

The solution was allowed (or left) to stand for 9 hours.

•

The catalyst was conditioned for 16 hours under a high vacuum.

•

The solution was "aged" for 24hr by standing at room temperature.

•

The furnace temperature was lowered and the specimens were held at 850°C for three days for the terminal etching of the grain boundaries.

•

The process is accomplished by heating the metal to a high temperature, holding it at this temperature until...

•

To season wood...

* * *

 The principal question to be answered was just how well and how long this type of engine would stand up to the marine environment.

 All these specimens survived a prescribed number of thermal cycles.

 Specimens lasted 3000 cycles in mercury at stress levels giving 300,000 cycles in air.

 The maximum shear stress it can withstand is about 40 MPa.

 The choice of teflon as a coating was based on its ability to tolerate temperatures up to about 290°C.

— выдерживать в допустимых пределах

— выдерживать даже с большей точностью

— выдерживать испытание временем

— выдерживать испытания

— выдерживать минимальным

— выдерживать нагрузку

— выдерживать при

— выдерживать семь изданий

—выдерживать точные допуски на

— не выдержал проверки

— должен быть в состоянии выдерживать

— должен быть способен выдерживать

— способный выдерживать

— точно выдерживая

. выносить; лучше выдерживать

•

This material will stand the operating conditions.

•

The metal forming the hydride should hold up under many cycles of charging and discharging.

•

Pure quicklime sustains a temperature of about 2900 К without decomposition.

•

These objects must stand up to tremendous impact forces.

•

These materials can tolerate (or endure, or stand up to) high heat and rough handling.

•

Joints made with these electrodes will withstand bending and stretching operations satisfactorily.

•

The material withstands temperatures up to 1260°C without loss of properties.

•

Weights up to 500 Ib can be supported on the worktable.

•

In an automotive environment, semiconductor chips have to contend with temperatures from -40° to 125°C, high humidity, salt and oil sprays, and vibration.

•

Titanium carbide will tolerate (or withstand) wide variations in cutting speed.

•

The amplifiers survived the shock very well.

•

The solution was allowed (or left) to stand for 9 hours.

•

The catalyst was conditioned for 16 hours under a high vacuum.

•

The solution was "aged" for 24hr by standing at room temperature.

•

The furnace temperature was lowered and the specimens were held at 850°C for three days for the terminal etching of the grain boundaries.

•

The process is accomplished by heating the metal to a high temperature, holding it at this temperature until...

•

To season wood...

. присущий; свойственный

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The high spectral purity characteristic of laser light permits reduction of...

•

The wet, salty soil common to the western states...

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The difficulty innate to all concepts of chemical regulation...

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This form of distortion is an inherent feature of all amplifiers.

•

This is one of the difficulties accompanying the development of high-energy solid propellants.

•

The spectrum indicates a chromophoric centre characteristic for conjugated...

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Characteristic of a fluidized process is the large pressure drop of...

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There are some dozens of lipids, each with this distinctive chemical pattern.

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Each of these different hydrates has its own distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern.

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The disadvantage inherent in these systems...

•

Accidents peculiar to an explosives plant occur...

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Materials peculiar to this type of machine are used as...

SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Recording, Telecommunications

[br]

[br]

[br]

From an early age he was absorbed by phenomena of physics to the exclusion of all other subjects, including mathematics. When choosing his subjects for the final three years in Borgedydskolen in Christianshavn (Copenhagen) before university, he opted for languages and history. At the University of Copenhagen he embarked on the study of medicine in 1889, but broke it off and was apprenticed to the machine firm of A/S Frichs Eftf. in Aarhus. He was employed between 1893 and 1899 as a mechanic and assistant in the laboratory of the Copenhagen Telephone Company KTAS. Eventually he advanced to be Head of the line fault department. This suited his desire for experiment and measurement perfectly. After the invention of the telegraphone in 1898, he left the laboratory and with responsible business people he created Aktieselskabet Telegrafonen, Patent Poulsen in order to develop it further, together with Peder Oluf Pedersen (1874– 1941). Pedersen brought with him the mathematical background which eventually led to his professorship in electronic engineering in 1922.

The telegraphone was the basis for multinational industrial endeavours after it was demonstrated at the 1900 World's Exhibition in Paris. It must be said that its strength was also its weakness, because the telegraphone was unique in bringing sound recording and reproduction to the telephone field, but the lack of electronic amplifiers delayed its use outside this and the dictation fields (where headphones could be used) until the 1920s. However, commercial interest was great enough to provoke a number of court cases concerning patent infringement, in which Poulsen frequently figured as a witness.

In 1903–4 Poulsen and Pedersen developed the arc generator for continuous radio waves which was used worldwide for radio transmitters in competition with Marconi's spark-generating system. The inspiration for this work came from the research by William Duddell on the musical arc. Whereas Duddell had proposed the use of the oscillations generated in his electric arc for telegraphy in his 1901 UK patent, Poulsen contributed a chamber of hydrogen and a transverse magnetic field which increased the efficiency remarkably. He filed patent applications on these constructions from 1902 and the first publication in a scientific forum took place at the International Electrical Congress in St Louis, Missouri, in 1904.

In order to use continuous waves efficiently (the high frequency constituted a carrier), Poulsen developed both a modulator for telegraphy and a detector for the carrier wave. The modulator was such that even the more primitive spark-communication receivers could be used. Later Poulsen and Pedersen developed frequency-shift keying.

The Amalgamated Radio-Telegraph Company Ltd was launched in London in 1906, combining the developments of Poulsen and those of De Forest Wireless Telegraph Syndicate. Poulsen contributed his English and American patents. When this company was liquidated in 1908, its assets were taken over by Det Kontinentale Syndikat for Poulsen Radio Telegrafi, A/S in Copenhagen (liquidated 1930–1). Some of the patents had been sold to C.Lorenz AG in Berlin, which was very active.

The arc transmitting system was in use worldwide from about 1910 to 1925, and the power increased from 12 kW to 1,000 kW. In 1921 an exceptional transmitter rated at 1,800 kW was erected on Java for communications with the Netherlands. More than one thousand installations had been in use worldwide. The competing systems were initially spark transmitters (Marconi) and later rotary converters ( Westinghouse). Similar power was available from valve transmitters only much later.

From c. 1912 Poulsen did not contribute actively to further development. He led a life as a well-respected engineer and scientist and served on several committees. He had his private laboratory and made experiments in the composition of matter and certain resonance phenomena; however, nothing was published. It has recently been suggested that Poulsen could not have been unaware of Oberlin Smith's work and publication in 1888, but his extreme honesty in technical matters indicates that his development was indeed independent. In the case of the arc generator, Poulsen was always extremely frank about the inspiration he gained from earlier developers' work.

[br]